Private equity firms buying publicly traded businesses an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

The growing trend: Private equity firms buying publicly traded businesses Purchases of publicly traded businesses by private equity firms: Private equity markets are witnessing a flurry of activity and growing at a phenomenal rate because of large deals. On the whole, private-equity firms made a spending close to $50 billion during 2006, which is five times what they spend for instance in the U.S. healthcare company purchase deals in 2005, in the opinion of Dealogic- a company that follows global M&A activities. To continue with the example, the U.S. healthcare industry that is worth $1.8 trillion or more than $1 of every $7 spent in the nation's economy is gearing towards for investment from Private equity firms, in the opinion of industry analysts and firms involved. For instance the $32.7 billion deal of hospital operator HCA Inc. led by private-equity firms Bain Capital LLC, Kohlberg Kravis Roberts & Co and Merrill Lynch Global Private Equity which was agreed to by the shareholders during November 2006. (Japsen, 4) Need essay sample on "The growing trend: Private equity firms buying publicly traded businesses" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed University Students Often Tell EssayLab professionals: Who wants to write paper for me? Specialists propose: Get Help In Writing An Essay Buy Essays Online Paper Writers For Hire Best Essay Writing Service Best Essay Writing Service The main drivers of these activities are due to the inherent size of the healthcare industry and its fragmented nature of functioning throughout the nation due to which it appears natural that investments by publicly traded companies are unable to tackle the growing U.S. medical-care system on its own. In the opinion of private-equity firms, publicly traded companies such as HCA are drawn towards private ownership in part since it eases them of the pressure of reporting regarding their earnings on a regular basis to the Wall Street and the public. (Japsen, 4) Who is going to be impacted and how: Private-equity firms are possibly the newest phenomena on the Wall Street at the moment, equipped with the financial muscle to buy the publicly traded companies. The impact of this has been in more ways than one. The reach of the private equity companies into the financial markets is poised to change the structure of the stock market by way of placing a rising number of big-ticket companies beyond the reach of small and average investors besides placing several retirees pension and retirement funds into increased speculative investments compared to earlier. Basically this a refurbished form of the leveraged buyout -- LBOs firms of the 1980s under which these firms enter into deals with companies that are undervalued, put them into shape and dispose them following earning of a quick profits in a very short time. Their secret has all along been the efficient use of debt that is normally close to 70 cents of every dollar invested. As they stack debt on the companies which they enter int o deals, private equity firms free up their own money, thereby permitting them to make more investments and maximize their potential returns. (Krantz, 10) The amount invested in private equity touched $139.6 billion during 2005 which was double the amount compared to 2003, according to Citigroup authorities. This figure is more than $135.8 billion which were invested in stock mutual funds in 2005. And because private equity firms are sitting on huge stockpile of cash, they are assuming a more crucial and developing financial strength currently. For instance, Jack Welch, former CEO, GE, Robert Johnson, founder of Black Entertainment Television and U2's Bono, have taken the private equity route. During 2006, some of the large U.S. players gobbled by private equity firms included Neiman Marcus which was bought for $4.9 billion, Toys R Us for $$6.6 billion and Computer Services firm SunGuard Systems for $11.3 billion. However the much talked about deal that was the biggest private equity deal in recent years was the acquisition of Hertz Car Rental Company for $15 billion by a group of firms. In a sharp departure from what was happening dur ing the 1980s in which the companies were bought and rebuild, the current trend has been that the private equity firms is putting qualified management groups who are capable of raking in more profits from less performing companies. (Krantz, 10) Will some benefit while others lose? It is observed that only big names have been benefited by the Private Equity deals. A slew of giant companies like Clear Channel Communication, Cable Vision, Readers Digest, SunGuard Data Systems, MGM and the hospital major HCA have been bought out through private equity deals. There has been no respite from this with the Blackstone Group disclosing about its intention to buy Equity Office Properties Trust-the nation's largest owner of office buildings, in a deal that was unprecedented. However as the number and size of the private equity deals have risen, eyebrows have been raised regarding whether the leveraged buyout market which they are fueling might eventually leave some companies and shareholders shattered. The Securities and Exchange Commission is also probing into accusations of insider trading and multi-million dollar fraud. (The New Face of Capitalism) There have been instances where shareholders have filed lawsuits to put an end to some of the deals, like the buyout of hospital chain HCA. Astoundingly huge payouts in the form of dividend payouts to private equity buyers from companies such as Hertz have often made the firms appear to be hungry. In the past, private equity firms remained in a secluded corner of the financial world, satisfied with buying, building and running strong companies. A lot continue to do just that. However the fact that made them popular during the 1980s was that there were more and more of leveraged buyouts wherein the groups added huge borrowings to their own cash primarily due to the liberal debt laws which safeguarded profits from the tax authorities. (The New Face of Capitalism) Happenings of recent years have made apparent that satisfaction for both countries as well as individual companies can be risky in the current global economy. The present encouraging outlook for US can be upturned rapidly. Given the increased competition within the companies and industries, winners and losers are not decided once. Recent researches have depicted that 50% of America's economic growth comes from firms which were non-existent about 10 years ago. Not do these high-growth firms create jobs, they also are less comparatively likely to fail, build substantially more wealth in the form of profits, sales and value, pay higher wages, give higher employee benefits and make more investment in research and development. Besides, high growth firms inspire growth and the development of other non-high-growth firms. (Buss, 53) What is prompting this activity? The pace of activity in private equity deals has been so hectic that even the corporate giants Texas Instruments, Dell Computers and Home Depot could be the next targets of private equity firms. The main drivers of this activity is the manner in which the management strategies and methodologies equip private equity firms to show impressive results which is beyond the reach of others. By observing the companies owned by major private-equity firms and discussing with the executives who manage them, it is found that there is a unique procedure of management which is strikingly distinct from what happens in majority of the publicly traded companies or majority of the private companies that are traditionally managed. The differences start at the most basic level with new objectives. (Colvin; Charan, 18) Private equity firms desire to enter into deals with companies for their portfolio, rebuild them and dispose them off within a timeframe of 3 to 5 years. The ultimate buyer might be another company in the portfolio company's industry, a new private-equity firm or the public, through an Initial Public Offering -- IPO. The period of holding is sometimes less than a year to as long as ten years. Nevertheless, the ultimate objective from the day the deal is inked is to sell the company at a profit. The definition and the underlying meaning of 'Pay' is altogether different concept in private equity owned companies. It is observed that whereas a lot of public companies express regarding matching the pay of executives with performance, they normally award stock options and limited stock over and above greater pay packages, thereby giving the executives a great deal to gain, and little to lose. (Colvin; Charan, 20) Moreover, in case of big companies, these options show the wealth of the entire company and not the particular business a manager who is in charge of. This is in sharp contrast in case of private equity firms where the mode of functioning is much more serious. It is not just that a greater proportion of the executive's pay is linked to his business performance, but top managers might also be needed to contribute a sizeable chunk of their own money into the business deal. This is because putting own money builds an ownership frame of mind instead of a corporate mentality. The resulting difference shapes the manner in which one spends the money. Besides, one more thing that is prompting this activity is that people just attempt to put in more effort when their money is at stake. For instance, in the opinion of Pramod Bhasin of Genpact, an outsourcing company owned by GE, becoming owners makes one strive and put all-out effort to attain targets and look for newer areas where the busines s could be reached. (Colvin; Charan, 20) References Buss, Terry. F. Capital, Emerging High-Growth Firms and Public Policy: The Case Against Federal Intervention. Praeger. 2001. Colvin, Geoffrey; Charan, Ram. Private Equity, Private Lives. Fortune Magazine. 27 November, 2006. pp: 18-20 Japsen, Bruce. Private equity is shot in the arm for industry. Chicago Tribune. 30 December, 2006. pp: 4-5 Krantz, Matt. Private Equity Firms Spin Off Cash. USA Today.16 March, 2006. p. 10-11. Roane, Kit R. The New Face of Capitalism. US News and World Report. 26 November, 2006.

Free Essays on A Hope In The Unseen

The world is not promised to young men like Cedric Lavar Jennings. But sometimes they find a way to make it deliver. Such is the inspirational story of A Hope in the Unseen, by Wall Street Journal writer Ron Suskind, a remarkably intimate work that documents the talents, frustrations and aspirations of a poor but determined black teenager before and after his successful bid to attend a top-notch college. All that Cedric wants is a shot at the American Dream: He wants to go to school, work hard, and make something of himself. Not an easy task for a kid from Southeast Washington, D.C., whose mother is an input clerk at a federal agency and whose drug-dealing father is pulling time in a Northern Virginia prison. Harder still at Frank W. Ballou Senior High, where Cedric, a junior, is the curve-wrecker the guy whose name means nerd. Students mock him as "whitey" because he excels in a special math-and-science program and takes his grades seriously. In a school plagued by shootings, knifings and drugs, it's amazing that Cedric survives. Surely his success is an act of faith, right? That question not only propels this intriguing celebration of spirit, it also exposes the crack in Cedric's otherwise galvanized existence. He doubts. And with each success, the doubts sound louder. Still, for most of his 16 years, Cedric lives in a triangulation among home (a 19-inch television is a treasured possession), school, and the Scripture Cathedral a strict, largely blue-collar, Pentecostal church that preaches sacrifice, faith and devotion. His mother Barbara, ever attentive to the provident Bishop Long, is a churchwoman in good stead. She tithes the expected 10 percent of her hard-earned minimum-wage salary, cooks for church functions, and attends weekday evening services. Cedric prays, sings well, and knows scripture so well that when a teacher misquotes Hebrews 11:1, saying: "The substance of faith is a hope in the unseen," Cedric corr... Free Essays on A Hope In The Unseen Free Essays on A Hope In The Unseen The world is not promised to young men like Cedric Lavar Jennings. But sometimes they find a way to make it deliver. Such is the inspirational story of A Hope in the Unseen, by Wall Street Journal writer Ron Suskind, a remarkably intimate work that documents the talents, frustrations and aspirations of a poor but determined black teenager before and after his successful bid to attend a top-notch college. All that Cedric wants is a shot at the American Dream: He wants to go to school, work hard, and make something of himself. Not an easy task for a kid from Southeast Washington, D.C., whose mother is an input clerk at a federal agency and whose drug-dealing father is pulling time in a Northern Virginia prison. Harder still at Frank W. Ballou Senior High, where Cedric, a junior, is the curve-wrecker the guy whose name means nerd. Students mock him as "whitey" because he excels in a special math-and-science program and takes his grades seriously. In a school plagued by shootings, knifings and drugs, it's amazing that Cedric survives. Surely his success is an act of faith, right? That question not only propels this intriguing celebration of spirit, it also exposes the crack in Cedric's otherwise galvanized existence. He doubts. And with each success, the doubts sound louder. Still, for most of his 16 years, Cedric lives in a triangulation among home (a 19-inch television is a treasured possession), school, and the Scripture Cathedral a strict, largely blue-collar, Pentecostal church that preaches sacrifice, faith and devotion. His mother Barbara, ever attentive to the provident Bishop Long, is a churchwoman in good stead. She tithes the expected 10 percent of her hard-earned minimum-wage salary, cooks for church functions, and attends weekday evening services. Cedric prays, sings well, and knows scripture so well that when a teacher misquotes Hebrews 11:1, saying: "The substance of faith is a hope in the unseen," Cedric corr...

Literture Program for Preschool Classroom Essay

Literture Program for Preschool Classroom - Essay Example There is an abundance of story titles out in the market. However, it is important for a teacher to choose the most appropriate ones that truly meet the criteria for overall development of children. Books that focus on repetition are good choices, especially for toddlers who need to master their language. The repetitive lines give children the opportunity to participate in the story by saying them out loud when the story calls for it. Another point for story selection is how the book revolves around the needs of the specific children the teacher is working with (Giorgin & Glazer, 2008). For instance, very young children welcome stories that empower the characters that are limited in their skills because of their young age. A character who is considered â€Å"too little† to do many things may still have a healthy self-esteem by being able to set the table or change his own shirt. The characters in the story may be in situations that are relatable to the children. Simple plots su ch as going to school for the first time, managing to be friends with bullies, accepting the responsibility of being a sibling to a new baby or learning a new skill such as riding a bicycle capture the interest of children. Of course, the stories need to have a positive theme and a significant lesson to learn. The words used must be simple and understandable (Brewer, 2002) Giorgin & Glazer (2008) have identified the goals and strategies of children’s literature to support various areas of their development. The goals should support children’s language, intellectual, personality, social and moral, and aesthetic and creative development. The goals in quotation marks have been adapted from Giorgin & Glazer’s (2008) book. These reflect my philosophy on children’s learning and development. For language development, I want to adapt Giorgin & Glazer’s (2008) goal, â€Å"Children will communicate

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Project Management - Essay Example Traditionally a huge multi-ton refractive brick oven is custom designed and built in order to fit the building where it is housed. D'Angelo Pizzeria has designed a fully equipped miniature pizza parlor that incorporates three independent high temperature brick ovens in a temperature controlled 8'x10' foot trailer. The patent pending design of the D'Angelo pizza ovens allow each unit to reach internal temperatures of over 1200F while maintaining a high level of thermal efficiency similar to a traditional stationary brick oven (Chillibreeze, 2011). The proposed project is to turn the D'Angelo Pizzeria trailers into a new franchising concept opportunity to the masses. The D'Angelo Pizzeria concept will bring a superior quality pizza at a competitive price. Traditional pizza parlors just cannot compete with the quality and outstanding flavor that genuine New York style fermented dough, quality fresh ingredients, and a high temperature brick oven pizza can provide (Brown, 2010). ... The proposed concept will include a fully built customized D'Angelo Pizzeria enclosed trailer fully equipped and customized to our specifications at a selling price of $40,000. The A/C cooled trailer will house three individual D'Angelo ovens equipment to operate each independent franchisee owned restaurant. The proposed trailer design involves purchasing lots of pre-built aluminum food trailers from Chinese manufacturers (Nebiu, 2002). This general purpose food trailers will be transported to our main warehouse where our manufacturing team will extensively modify the trailer units to the specifications of the company. The interior modifications to the trailers will include the necessary shelving, prep tables, ventilation, gas and electrical installation to accommodate all the preparation equipment and for the custom oven set. The modifications of the trailers will be designed for maximum space utilization to provide ergonomically designed work surfaces, machinery, and processes to m aximize employee comfort and efficiency. The exterior of the trailers will be customized to D'Angelo specs and advertising designs. For the proposed project the materials supply and operating infrastructure will have to be designed and developed in order to supply the pizza trailers to our franchise customers. The total proposed project costs for D'Angelo will be around $900,000 .The total project costs budgeted will be divided as follows: $270,000 to build and develop necessary operating training and manufacturing facility infrastructure $75,000 to build the first lot of 10 pizza trailers for the initial batch of fully built trailers. $100,000 marketing costs $150,000 operating capital (selling,

Evaluation of Effectiveness For Fedex Advertisement

Evaluation of Effectiveness For Fedex Advertisement According to FedEx China (2009), Ex Corporation was set up in 1973 and it is the biggest express transportation company in the world. The company offers a series of overall services including transportation, electronic business and business operations to global consumers and enterprises. As a brand it has a great reputation. Therefore it provides general business applications and solutions by competing with other companies to work smoothly. According to FedEx China (2009), FedEx has a $32 billion income per year and it encourages its 260,000 staff to pay a high degree of attention to safety problems, moral and business ethics of the highest standard, and also to satisfy the requirements of clients and society completely. In addition, FedEx Express now provides about 3.4 million packages per day. The company operates a fleet of about 654 aircraft and some 43,000 motorized vehicles and trailers.  Moreover, the global FedEx names are: FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight, FedEx Office, FedEx Custom Critical, FedEx Trade Networks and FedEx Services, (About FedEx, 2009). It has been ranked the most admired and trustworthy company and provides fast and faithful express services to more than 220 countries and regions. There is a world airline and a land network to speedily transport the packages, needing only 24 hours or 48 hours to received (FedEx China, 2009). 1.2 Theories In this report, two theories will be used, Market Segmentation and Market Mix. According to Hall et al (2008:66), Market Segmentation is the break down a market into sub-groups with similar characteristics. Moreover, producer may then create products and services for them. Behavioural segmentation is one of the ways of Market Segmentation; segment markets based on how consumers relate to a product, (Hall et al, 2008:69). Loyalty is an example of behavioural segmentation, where the company separates, and divides consumers into different categories. Apart from Market Segmentation, another theory is Marketing Mix, which includes product, price, place and promotion. The Product requires producers have to know clearly what things are required by customers. The price indicates a business must know the worth of its product. It can make a high price if sold as a luxurious item, but not because of its high cost, (Hall et al, 2008). The promotion includes TV advertising (above the line) and pe rsonal selling (below the line). Place means that the products have to be sent to the consumers at the right place and right time, (Hall et al, 2008). 1.3 Aims The aim of this report is firstly to show how the advertisement is related to market segmentation and Marketing Mix. The second aim is to explain how the advertisement has been created to appeal to consumers. Finally to discuss how this advertisement has been created to target a specific market segment. 2. Findings Figure1: Epromos (2008) The FedEx logo was created by Lindon Leader of Fandor Associates in 1994 (Logoblog, 2008). The Fed is usually purple and the Ex has different colors in different logos, giving different meanings. In this advertisement, the logo is the original one in which the Ex is orange. The background of the logo is white, White means safety, (Color Wheel Pro, 2008). Purple conveys power, nobility, luxury, and ambition (Color Wheel Pro, 2008). Orange symbolizes enthusiasm, fascination, happiness, creativity, determination, attraction, success, encouragement, and stimulation (Color Wheel Pro, 2008). The shirt is blue, which conveys faith, confidence, trust and loyalty, (Color Wheel Pro, 2008). 3. Discussion 3.1 Marketing segmentation Demographic segmentation, Hall (2008:68) states that markets are often divided by social class. Most target audiences of FedEx are enterprises. Business needs effective, reliable and secure service, thus FedEx provides faithful and safe product delivery and is appropriate to business requirements. Furthermore, the quality, speed and convenience of FedEx appeals to consumers to enjoy their services. The great reputation makes FedEx have a vast range of consumers and businesses all over the world, and enterprises trust FedEx. The lasted successes are a result of the progress of market segmentation done by FedEx. Marketing mix 3.2.1 Price From the advertisement, it seems FedEx provides the service to the average citizen; therefore the price should be low. A FedEx overnight letter cost $11, it is cheaper than UPS and DHL, which cost $12 and $13, ( Oppapers, 2009). 3.2.2 Promotion As mentioned in the introduction, FedEx is the largest express transport company in the world, (FedEx China, 2008). The promotion of FedEx is above-the-line promotion (Hall, 2008). Thus the company publicizes through TV or newspapers. According to Hall (2008), good advertising should raise (AIDA) awareness and interest, desire and action. This advertisement is likely to reach the I of AIDA. In this advertisement, the person is not an attractive or a well-known model, who just an average man in the street. It presents FedEx in a popular style. In addition, this middle aged man in that shirt is making a phone call, he may be a trader. This may show FedExs target audiences to be enterprises. The logo of FedEx is on the shirt, in other words, the person in this advertisement is promoting for FedEx. Overall, the advertising promotes in an original and interesting way. 4. Conclusion 4.1 Summary To sum up, the color usage of the FedEx advertisement (blue) displays the faith, trust and loyalty, because most of their target groups are enterprises. Therefore they use this advertisement to promote their products to these enterprises. It shows the purpose of FedEx, which is ensuring to people their services are consistently reliable and safe. FedEx makes use of Marketing Mix and Market Segmentation in their advertisement to satisfy consumers. 4.2 Recommendations From this advertisement, FedEx use an average man to promote their brand. It would be strategy that FedEx may consider is to find a famous model to advertise, that may appeal more to some consumers. Another recommendation is that the shirt in the advertisement is too blank. FedEx could add several banners to show what they want to promote. Last but not least, the logo of FedEx has different colors which has different meanings, thus they should make use of different colors shirts to appeal to consumers.

Islamophobia Description Essay

Racism occurs all over the world. To believe that there would be a point where racism wouldn’t exist is too idealistic. Racism has occurred in the past and racism continues to occur today. When people say that racism doesn’t exist as much as it used to or when they used the words â€Å"improved† or â€Å"better† to describe it, they are either speaking from their opinion or they are to an extent true. Yes, it is true that there is no more slavery; it is true that people aren’t as discriminatory to African Americans as they used to be, but as a matter of fact, something doesn’t end when it shifts. Racism and discrimination have shifted towards a Muslims. Racism towards Islam increased after 9/11. Society understands that being prejudice is wrong, however, they still have negative opinions about Muslims. For example, we are all humans, and just because some of us are criminals, that doesn’t make all of us criminals. Because some are insa ne doesn’t mean all are. Because some are extremists doesn’t mean all of us are. If a person agrees, that one man’s actions shouldn’t define the personality of another man, then why do people tend to discriminate? Racism’s effects are really harmful; they keep the society from progressing and cause corruption within. Security has increased at the airport; a person has to go through multiple bag checks and metal detectors, in order exit or enter this country. What ceases to amaze me is that the Declaration of Independence, states that â€Å"all men are created equal† but people can still have intolerance towards others. What really aggravated me was when I had to travel this summer to the Middle East with my family, my brothers, who are only 9 and 13 years old, were thoroughly checked: they stood in a glass cubicle, they had to take off their shoes, and they had to go through further metal detection all because of their names. My question is what did these children know? How to play football or video games? They didn’t even watch the news, they rather yelled at my Dad to change the channel, every once in a while he decided to watch TV because they wanted to watch cartoons. I felt like yelling at the security guard, but I chose not to, because that would’ve been either used aga inst me, or because of the glare that my mother was giving me. Also, there have been many terms that I found  derogatory. Terms like â€Å"Islamophobia† or â€Å"xenophobia† are used to describe an irrational fear or dislike of outsiders and â€Å"Muslims† or rather Terrorists. What people fail to realize is that there will always be extremes. Another thing that aggravates me, are false and misleading websites that teach other people to hate Muslims. These websites say quotes like, â€Å"Are you burning with the peace of Islam† in a sarcastic way, while showing pictures of violence. The sad thing is that people have come to trust these websites, with false and misleading statistics and information. I don’t see extremists and murderers as people of faith, I see these people for who they are: murderers, murderers of human life, of equality, of freedom and of faith. In my opinion, Extremists use faith as a way to rationalize their actions and that’s exactly what these websites deny. The websites falsely accuse all Muslims to be violent and barbaric. This causes peo ple to become hostile towards all of my kind. Once, I went to a program at a Precinct in Manhattan. The program was â€Å"trying† to promote peace and â€Å"helping† Muslims feel comfortable with Cops or other authoritative officials. A woman Muslim/ Cop made a speech at the podium about, how she was treated as an equal among her fellow workers. She was from Yemen, but even if she was Muslim, she didn’t wear the head scarf which separated her from her audiences. A woman that I can never forget stood up during her speech, she was wearing a head scarf, she had most of her face covered and she said loudly, â€Å"You don’t wear the head scarf, How would you feel, If a Cop came to your doorstep, and started yelling at you to remove your scarf when you did nothing? I am a Black Muslim woman and I am proud of it, and No one has the right to tell me to take off my scarf!† The speaker didn’t have a proper response towards the woman. It is indecent, inappropriate, immoral, and unjust to use author ity in a wrong way that would violate another human being’s boundaries. What happened to her freedom and equality when she was forced to do so? How can we trust our officials? How can we trust society if we know that nothing has changed? In conclusion, the effects of racism diminish the chances of an equal, free and prosperous life. Things have only escalated over the course of these years, I don’t know when things will change, I don’t know how they  will change. But what I do know is that I hope and I try to make a difference to change things and so do other people, maybe change is right around the corner or maybe we have to fall before we can stand back up again. Change will come, Discrimination will end and when it does it will hopefully be everlasting.

Main Idea and Purpose for Shooting an Elephant by Orwell Essay

The main idea of the story â€Å"Shooting an Elephant† by Orwell is the effect of the oppressor is not only on the oppressed, but himself. There are several evidences found in the text to support the main idea. First, the author mentioned about the treatment of a European woman gets when she went to bazaars alone. This explained the freedom of security had been taken away. Since European had colonized Burma at that time, there was growing hatred toward European. Freedom to act also been seize when the narrator was expected to shoot an elephant even it’s not in his wiliness. In the story, Orwell had an inner struggle whether to kill the elephant or not. He taught that if the elephant were kept alive, it worth at least a hundred pound. However, if it were shot dead, its tusks only going to worth about five pounds. Moreover, he anthropomorphized the elephant by referring ‘it’ to ‘he’. He said, â€Å"It seems to be that it would be murder to shoot him. †(519) Plus, a life had been killed needs to be considered and there would be possibilities that the elephant will escape again, causing damage to the village. These reasons made Orwell to question his decision. Another crucial reasoning that drones the narrator to open fire is his identity as an Imperialist that control fellow Burmese. If he did not kill the elephant as the villagers expected, he would be viewed as a coward. This will further affect efforts to enforce law and coded in Burma. The narrator also described, ‘I perceived in this moment that when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroy,† to show an imperialist had to control or act as what had been expected. These conclude an oppressor would be affected when taking control of others. The purpose of the text is to educate people on the consequences of one’s act. The author presented his story with hatred and fed up tones as he described how sick he was to serve the Empire. Next, he gave a metaphorical explanation on how he was set to react. He compared himself to a ‘hollow posing dummy conventionalized figure of a sahib’. Like an actor on stage, he forced to do what was expected by the ‘natives’ or audiences. In the story, the elephant also resemble the Empire power. As he shot the elephant, its body just altered but did not fall. After several shot, it fell to the ground. The elephant was dying but not dead. This resembled the Empire diminishing power over Burma.